Great
The solutions manual is in great condition, and I would not take a college class without the textbook's solution manual.
great book
This book is for my Organic Chem class and on the 1st day our professor said he loved this book and it was the #1 in the nation. I also love it. it's easy to read
A graet organic chemistry book
This book is written in a very rational and logical way. Any student who wants to become a scientist should study science as a scientist. For such a student, this organic chemistry book is a great tool and resource, because it provides chemical information, encouraging the student to ask questions like what, why and how during the learning process. It smoothly creates connections between new information and the knowledge that the student already possesses. So it is not so hard to read through the book even though organic chemistry is comparatively a hard subject.
Organic Chemistry book
The book is in great condition, just like new. I would definitely encourage buying from the seller, and I would buy from them again.
Succeed in your course with the help of this proven best-seller! John McMurry's ORGANIC CHEMISTRY is consistently praised as the most clearly written book available for the course. In John McMurry's words: "I wrote this book because I love writing. I get great pleasure and satisfaction from taking a complicated subject, turning it around until I see it clearly from a new angle, and then explaining it in simple words." Through his lucid writing and ability to show the beauty and logic of organic chemistry, McMurry makes learning enjoyable. The highest compliment that can be given to a chemistry book applies to McMurry: It works!
which organic chem book to buy?
OK, so you're considering which book to get for 2 semester intro organic chemistry. Just buy the assigned text for the course, right? well, maybe.
You should know there are 2 basic approaches to the teaching of organic chem: The functional group approach and mechanism approach. By far, the former is much more commonly used and the way organic chem has been taught for decades. The problem is this approach promotes tedious memorization and you can be overwhelmed by the volume. Also, most organic chemists don't think in terms of functional groups. They understand their subject by organizing/systematizing reactions according to mechanism and reaction type as governed by a few basic principles.
The number of books that support the rxn./mechanism approach are few in number. They are (this list may be incomplete):
Organic Chemistry by Marye Anne Fox, James K. Whitesell (ISBN 0763721972)
Organic Chemistry by Clayden, Greeves, Warren, Wothers
A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry (6th Edition) by Peter Sykes
A Primer to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry by Peter Sykes
Organic Chemistry by Joseph M. Hornback (ISBN 0534389511)
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For the the functional group approach:
Just based on its sheer size and completeness, the best book has to be Organic Chemistry (now in its 6th Edition) by Morrison & Boyd (ISBN 0136436692). It's the gold standard by which all other functional group books are judged.
2nd best is probably Organic Chemistry by G. Marc Loudon (ISBN 0195119991).
All the rest - Ege, McMurry, Solomons, Wade, Carey, Bruice, Vollhardt, Maitland Jones Jr., Streitwieser/Heathcock, Brown/Foote - they're just clones of one another. The exceptions might be Bruice and Jones Jr. which employ a quasi-mechanism/functional group approach.
--------------------------------------------
For those of you who want to start off with "just the facts" before tackling these organic tomes try: "Organic Chemistry: A Short Course" by Hart/Craine/Hart/Hadad now in its 12th edition.
The 2 books by David R. Klein are also recommended: "Organic Chemistry I as a Second Language: Translating the Basic Concepts" and "Organic Chemistry II as a Second Language: Second Semester Topics".
Another good intro: The Nuts and Bolts of Organic Chemistry: A Student's Guide to Success by Joel Karty
For the lab portion get "The Organic Chem Lab Survival Manual: A Student's Guide to Techniques" by James W. Zubrick
Check out my other reviews for other chemistry books.
P.S. I should really mention Solomons since I am "reviewing" his book. It's very average and middle-of-the road. there. done.
Amazing book!
GREAT BOOK! If your professor chooses this book, you are really really lucky. I am a second year college student, and I am half way into the semester. To tell you the truth, the professor told us that after using this book, the overall scores on exams went up higher than previous years. I myself was horrible at the orgo part of general chemistry. However, after using this book to study, I'm currently acing orgo!
This is a great book, has detailed explanations, clear and easy-to-understand illustrations, and VERY HARD review questions. If you want to get good at organic chemistry, this is the book to get even if you are using another book!
Good enough - undergrad review
This is a basic text for organic chemistry. Alot of the review questions seem TOO hard and there arent enough details in the solomons and fryhle answer manual. Chapter 5 is explained terribly and I dont like the nucleophile/substrate way of learning. I prefer the nucleophile/electrophile way of learing in the orgainic chemistry by Seyhan Ege. I believe this book to be superior in most ways.
The Ninth Edition of Organic Chemistry continues Solomons-Fryhle's tradition of excellence in teaching and preparing students for success in the organic classroom and beyond.
Students are often overwhelmed by the early rigors of organic chemistry. Solomons-Fryhle prepares students for these early rigors by introducing acids & bases--topics they know from general chemistry--early, followed by chapters on structure and stereochemistry. Next, a discussion of ionic reactions gives students a foundation for the vast majority of reactions that they will encounter. The Ninth Edition continues to introduce IR spectroscopy in chapter 2 (after functional groups) and Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy in chapter 4, providing synergy with most lab courses and, again, reinforcing learning.
The new edition of Solomons-Fryhle also has a completely revised WileyPLUS course to help students and instructors reach their full potential. WileyPLUS provides instructors with the most robust online homework solution in organic chemistry. This revision of WileyPLUS meets students where and when they learn and provides them with a learning platform that offers real learning solutions that complement their approach to managing and mastering organic concepts.
Not much of a solutions manual
This solutions manual doesn't help the student too much, in too many cases it only gives the answer to complicated questions without an explanation. When you are a collage student and you buy this you expect a little bit more help from it. Is like a solutions a appendix for the book, but certainly not a solutions manual. On the other hand I must say that the McMurry Organic book is outstanding, is very sad that the solutions manual is not at the same level.
Great resource
I would absolutly recommend this product to anyone who bought the hardcover edition. All the answers come with explanations which make it easy to understand and learn organic chemistry.
Great book
This solution book gives answeres to all the questions. Eventhought it doesn't give explanation, this book is still better than any other books who only gives answers to the even or odds problems.
Written by Susan McMurry, the Study Guide and Solutions Manual provide answers and explanations to all in-text and end-of-chapter exercises.
Must Have for Resonance
I did not understand resonance structures at all using other textbooks. After reading this book. I feel like I am a master. I wished all college textbooks were at the caliber of this tiny little book. Klein is an excellent teacher. He gives the straight facts in a way that makes perfect sense and doesn't bore you to death. Understanding resonance is, I think, one of the most important aspects of organic, and you're doomed if you don't. Beware, this book does not replace your textbook or instructor. All of the important equations such as alcohol, alkyne, and ketone synthesis are no where to be found in this book. This book really gives you the fundamentals that you need to understand orgo. That reason alone is enough to get it.
Excellent book
My teacher mentioned this book after someone asked her about it at the start of the semester. I wish I had bought it then. One of my problems with text books is that they will define something once and then you're expected to have it mastered as it builds on that concept. This book seems to repeat things, not to where it's annoying but when he moves on to something else he'll review a previous part that applies to it. It really helps pull the material together. I wonder if my professor looks through it as well. Some of my class notes follow the book closely but that might be how everyone teachs it. I believe it was when she was covering SN1 and SN2 and the four steps to determine which way something will go based on the catalyst, reactants, etc... Anyway, buy this book. It's more than worth it to supplement your textbook and notes.
If you are Pre-Med, an engineer, or just taking Orgo, then..
GET THIS BOOK! I'm a current pre-med student at Columbia University and i wanted a book to help me prep for my upcoming Orgo class. Though I haven't finished this book, I can honestly say it is fabulous! I had to stop reading to come and write this review. Klein def. knows his stuff. He breaks it down into PLAIN ENGLISH! And for a student like me who hates the terminology of expensive text books, this is much needed relief. Its like he's talking to directly to you. You almost expect him to call, when you're done with the book, to congratulate and wish you luck in the future. There are many examples, some simple, others tricky and a bit advanced. I truly believe that you (and I) will go into any Organic Chem class and feel very secure about the material. Do yourself a favor and get this book. It concise, compact, and an easy read...A recommended book for you to take while your on that summer vacation!
Get a Better Grade in Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry may be challenging, but that doesn't mean you can't get the grade you want. With David Klein's Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: Translating the Basic Concepts, you'll be able to better understand fundamental principles, solve problems, and focus on what you need to know to succeed.
Here's how you can get a better grade in Organic Chemistry:
Understand the Big Picture.
Organic Chemistry as a Second Language points out the major principles in Organic Chemistry and explains why they are relevant to the rest of the course. By putting these principles together, you'll have a coherent framework that will help you better understand your textbook.
Study More Efficiently and Effectively
Organic Chemistry as a Second Language provides time-saving study tips and a clear roadmap for your studies that will help you to focus your efforts.
Improve Your Problem-Solving Skills
Organic Chemistry as a Second Language will help you develop the skills you need to solve a variety of problem types-even unfamiliar ones!
Need Help in Your Second Semester?
Get Klein's Organic Chemistry II as a Second Language!
978-0-471-73808-5
A staple for many students, for many years.
I bought this kit when I was a college sophomore about 14 years ago (gasp!). And yes, it was precisely the same product being sold here today. I'm not entirely sure if that's a good thing or a bad thing, since there doesn't seem to have been any improvements - but hey, if it ain't broke, right?
After forgetting about it for many years, I recently found it again in a box in the attic and was thrilled to discover I hadn't lost it, or given it away, or burned it with all the rest of my school things. I had always got a huge kick out of playing with it in school, and of course, I started playing with it again immediately! Gotta admit, it's hard to put down - kinda like catnip for nerds, which I guess makes me one.
Memory Lane aside, it's a solid little set, and includes the following pieces:
28 Hydrogen (white)
14 Carbon (black)
8 Oxygen (red)
8 Chlorine (green)
4 Nitrogen (blue)
2 Bromine (orange)
2 Iodine (purple)
40 Single bonds (space-fill)
40 Single bonds (open)
12 Double bonds (open)
Of course, some of the pieces above can be used in a pinch to represent atoms that aren't listed, but I rarely (if ever? *scratch head*) found that necessary in my basic chem classes. Overall, it was an excellent tool, and well worth the somewhat inflated price. I can remember buying many a text book that cost many times more - few of which proved as helpful as this kit, and none of which were as entertaining.
If I had to cite a negative, I'd have to admit they were a bit stingy with the carbon molecules - and sadly, the only other pieces that rival carbon's chiral-yumminess are the nitrogens, which are also in short supply. Besides, your molecule looks stupid with bunch of blue nitrogens pretending to be carbons - and who wants a stupid-looking molecule when your trying to be all brainy and stuff!? Consequently, I couldn't quite make some hydrocarbons of medium complexity, including my very most favorite molecule of all time! ...which shall here remain nameless.
However, this is all easily remedied! And in a way, that's what brought me to this page on Amazon to begin with. After all these years I'm going to buy another set just for fun! HA! With two of these babies, I'll be able to make almost ANYTHING. Mwa ha ha ha ha ha ha!
Useful toy
For a non-specialist like me, it's a bit daunting to try to develop intuition about how simple molecules are put together. It really helps to have a physical model, especially for subtle ideas like multiple stereocenters and 3D structures. This kit is a great way to help visualize and understand simple chemical systems.
It comes with 14 carbon "atoms", 4-holed black beads, and a collection of others: 2-holed oxygen, 3-holed nitrogen, and 1-holed hydrogen and halogens, all color-coded. The number of holes represents the typical valence of each atom type, but you can assign any meaning you want to the color code. Two kinds of connecting "bonds" plug into the beads: long flexible ones for stick models, and short ones that place the atoms butt up against each other for space-filling models.
The pieces snap together snugly, so the assembled models can stand a bit of rough handling. Someone with weak fingers might have a tough time pulling them apart, though. There are enough pieces to make lots of different models: sugars, amino acids, and other small, biologically important bits. I could ask for beads representing phosporus (needed for DNA) and sulfur (for aome amino acids), and there's always reason to want more of everything. Still, this is fine as a beginner's kit. And, as a desk toy, it lets you look like you're doing real work.
//wiredweird
Excellent Kit
I would recommend this kit to anyone who is taking organic chemistry. I found it very useful in learning organic chemistry mechanisms and structures. The high price is reflected in the high quality of the product!
In other reviews there were a couple of complaints about the kit not being realistic. However, the bond stiffness and design are surprisingly realistic (molecules aren't all that flimsy). The kit is perfect for create virtually any small organic molecule. It is excellent for seeing the difference between a chair and boat conformation, provided that it is put together appropriately. (My organic book and the directions were useful in arriving at the right conformation when I had problems.) The kit may just take a little bit of time to get used to, but it definitely is worth the work and time to see molecules in 3-D!
This kit enables users to build virtually all simple molecules encountered in organic chemistry. Includes space-filling models that simulate the true shape of saturated compounds. Provides open models that form realistic single, double, and triple bonds — even strained rings. Allows smooth rotation of the bonds to make conformational analysis easy. Contains enough components to create several models at once. The components are precision-tooled from quality plastics, are virtually indestructible, and come in a sturdy plastic case for easy storage. Provides a useful Instruction Book — with photos, diagrams, and concise discussions of chemical principles.
One of my absolute favorite textbooks...
In graduate school for Neuroscience I had to take a class on molecular biology and biochemistry which was required of all med students whether Ph.D. or M.D. or both. We had five different teachers in the class, three of whom were foreign. Since I was the first Deaf person to take Neuroscience there, they weren't prepared for me...and I ended up taking the class without interpreters! I had to lipread the teachers. If it hadn't been for this particular textbook, I would never had made it through! I am not kidding anyone by saying this. YOu can take a class with just this textbook for information and still pass with flying colors. That is how well this text is written. For once, the book was written with the student in mind, not the peers of the authors. It was written to teach the same information that the authors had in such a way as to make it understandable. Not only did I use this text in this class but in most of my classes at med school. When I started working on HIV encephalitis in my chosen lab for two years, I was not surprised to find this book on the shelves...and we all referred to it constantly. I applaud the authors for a job well done, and if I ever write a textbook, this will be the one I use to follow as an appropriate way to write curriculum. The amount of pictures and graphs were especially great for teaching Deaf students and I intend to use it for such. Karen Sadler, Science Education, University of Pittsburgh
Beware if you're looking for the new edition
I purchased this edition hoping that it had been updated since the 1995 edition. However, this is the same book as the 1995 edition, except it has a CD-ROM to accompany it. In my opinion, the only people who will find the CD-ROM useful are beginning students of molecular biology. The illustrations in the book are good to begin with which largely negate the need for this CD-ROM.
The single most useful textbook I own
This text covers every important aspect in the field, from experimental techniques and basic concepts to reviews of immunology, cancer, and developmental biology. I used it as a reference in four different undergraduate classes, and have prepared for several job interviews by reviewing the relevant information in this book. The illustrations are all relevant, the organization is excellent, and the prose is so well written that I take the book off the shelf and read it for fun. A new edition would be useful - some of the more speculative information is outdated - but this is still the best textbook I own.
For nearly a quarter century Molecular Biology of the Cell has been the leading cell biology textbook. This tradition continues with the new Fifth Edition, which has been completely revised and updated to describe our current, rapidly advancing understanding of cell biology. To list but a few examples, a large amount of new material is presented on epigenetics; stem cells; RNAi; comparative genomics; the latest cancer therapies; apoptosis (now its own separate chapter); and cell cycle control and the mechanics of M phase (now integrated into one chapter).
The hallmark features of Molecular Biology of the Cell have been retained, such as its consistent and comprehensive art program, clear concept headings, and succinct section summaries. Additionally, in response to extensive feedback from readers, the Fifth Edition now includes several new features.
It is now more portable. Chapters 1-20 are printed and Chapters 21-25, covering multicellular systems, are provided as pdf files on the free Media DVD-ROM which accompanies the book.* And for the first time, Molecular Biology of the Cell now contains end-of-chapter questions. These problems, written by John Wilson and Tim Hunt, emphasize a quantitative approach and the art of reasoning from experiments, and they will help students review and extend their knowledge derived from reading the textbook. The Media DVD-ROM, which is packaged with every copy of the book, contains PowerPoint® presentations with all of the figures, tables and micrographs from the text (available as JPEGs too). Also included is the Media Player, which plays over 125 movies—animations, videos, and molecular models—all with voice-over narration. A new reader-friendly feature is the integration of media codes throughout the text that link directly to relevant videos and animations. The Media DVD-ROM holds the multicellular systems chapters (21-25) of the text as well.
By skillfully extracting the fundamental concepts from this enormous and ever-growing field, the authors tell the story of cell biology, and thereby create a coherent framework through which readers may approach and enjoy this subject that is so central to all of biology.
* There is also a reference edition of Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition (ISBN 978-0-8153-4111-6) that contains Chapters 1-25 entirely in printed format.
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
The two objectives of this work were to evaluate near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) as a tool for on-line classification of dry-cured ham samples according to their sensory characteristics and propose a method for obtaining a set of qualified class models that enables accurate decisions to be taken. With these aims, 117 dry-cured ham samples were classified by expert judges as compliant or non-compliant concerning sensory variables as pastiness, colour, crusting, marbling and ring colour. These samples were also scanned using a remote reflectance fiber optic probe. Each class model built for each sensory variable is evaluated for its sensitivity and specificity, parameters related with the probability of false non-compliance (@a) and false compliance (@b) of ''H"0: the sample is compliant'' hypothesis test. With the five sets of PLS-class modelling the five risk curves, graphs @b versus @a, are estimated. It is therefore possible to choose the risks of false compliance and false non-compliance for each sensorial variable according to the needs of the decision-maker.
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
A study of the feasibility of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for analytical monitoring in wineries is presented, in which equations for the determination or screening of the commonest enological parameters are proposed. The training and validation sets to develop NIR general equations were built with samples (180) from different apellation d'origine, different wine types, etc. By the calibration step (partial least squares regression and cross-validation were used for multivariate calibration), major components such as ethanol, volumic mass, total acidity, pH, glycerol, colour, tonality and total polyphenol index are accurate determined by the proposed equations as compared with the reference data obtained by the official and standard methods-determination coefficients (R^2) were higher than 0.800 (and higher than 0.900 most times) and standard error cross-validation (SECV) values were close to those of the reference methods. The proposed method also offers screening capability for components such as volatile acidity (R^2 = 0.481), organic acids (R^2 = 0.432 for malic acid, R^2 = 0.544 for tartaric acid, R^2 = 0.541 for gluconic acid)-with the exception of the accurate determination of lactic acid (0.860 and 0.35gl^-^1 for R^2 and SECV, respectively)-reducing sugars (R^2 = 0.705) and total sulphur dioxide (R^2 = 0.615). In equations validation, the correlation between the reference and NIRS methods was tested, and slope and bias values statistically not different from 1 and 0, respectively, were obtained for most parameters.
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
The use of process analytical technologies by the pharmaceutical industry is a response to its growing need for improved productivity in order to face the increasing competition in this field. In this work, we explored the use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the determination of physical (tablet hardness) and chemical parameters (active principle and content uniformity) in intact individual pharmaceutical tablets. Quantization was done by using a Partial Least Squares 1 (PLS1) calibration model constructed from laboratory calibration samples that were prepared by mixing the active principle and excipients, and pressing the mixture into tablets. The compaction pressure to be applied to the powder was previously determined by using another PLS1 model that allows calculating it from production tablets. The NIRS method used to quantify the active principle is simpler as the calibration set encompasses the variability sources present in production samples; also, it allows individual tablets to be analysed. The proposed method was validated in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) guidelines, and found to be fit for its intended purpose. pose.
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
The combination of infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been employed for the determination of important quality parameters of beers, such as original and real extract and alcohol content. A population of 43 samples obtained from the Spanish market and including different types of beer, was evaluated. For each technique, spectra were obtained in triplicate. In the case of NIR a 1mm pathlength quartz flow cell was used, whereas attenuated total reflectance measurements were used in MIR. Cluster hierarchical analysis was employed to select calibration and validation data sets. The calibration set was composed of 15 samples, thus leaving 28 for validation. A critical evaluation of the prediction capability of multivariate methods established from the combination of NIR and MIR spectra was made. Partial least squares (PLS) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were evaluated for the treatment of data obtained in each individual technique and the combination of both. Different parameters of each methodology were optimized. A slightly better predictive performance was obtained for NIR-MIR combined spectra, and in all the cases ANN performs better than PLS, which may be interpreted from the existence of some non-linearity in the data. The root-mean-sqare-error of prediction (RMSEP) values obtained for the combined NIR-MIR spectra for the determination of real extract, original extract and ethanol were 0.076% w/w, 0.14% w/w and 0.091% v/v.
This digital document is a journal article from Biological Psychology, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
It has been suggested that frontal brain asymmetry is associated with differences in basic emotional dimensions, particularly in activation of systems underlying avoidance-withdrawal behavior. We examined regional cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin (O"2Hb) levels in human medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) using near-infrared reflection spectroscopy (NIRS) prior to and during anticipatory anxiety to determine if NIRS could detect any anxiety-related changes. Transient anxiety was induced in 56 normal volunteers by anticipation and a painful shock to the right-hand's median nerve. Pre- and post-anxiety affective statuses were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Temperature Character Inventory (TCI). NIRS recorded from the left and right frontal brain regions. Right MPFC O"2Hb was significantly increased relative to left MPFC O"2Hb during anticipation of the shock. Right-sided O"2Hb increases were significantly correlated with the TCI Harm Avoidance subscale. These results support the hypothesis that O"2Hb levels in the right frontal region correlate with anxiety or heightened negative affect.
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Soft- and hard-modelling strategy was applied to near-infrared spectroscopy data obtained from monitoring the reaction between glycidyloxydimethylphenyl silane, a silicon-based epoxy monomer, and aniline. On the basis of the pure soft-modelling approach and previous chemical knowledge, a kinetic model for the reaction was proposed. Then, multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares optimization was carried out under a hard constraint, that compels the concentration profiles to fulfil the proposed kinetic model at each iteration of the optimization process. In this way, the concentration profiles of each species and the corresponding kinetic rate constants of the reaction, unpublished until now, were obtained. The results obtained were contrasted with ^1^3C NMR. The joint interval test of slope and intercept for detecting bias was not significant (@a=5%).
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used in combination with partial least squares (PLS) calibration to determine low concentrated analytes. The effect of the orthogonal signal correction (OSC) and net analyte signal (NAS) pretreatments on the models obtained at concentrations of analyte near its detection limit was studied. Both pretreatments were found to accurately resolve the analyte signal and allow the construction of PLS models from a reduced number of factors; however, they provided no substantial advantage in terms of %RSE for the prediction samples. Multiple methodologies for the estimation of detection limits could be found in the bibliography. Nevertheless, detection limits were determined by a multivariate method based on the sample-specific standard error for PLS regression, and compared with the univariate method endorsed by ISO 11483. The two methods gave similar results, both being effective for the intended purpose of estimating detection limits for PLS models. Although OSC and NAS allow isolating the analyte signal from the matrix signal, they provide no substantial improvement in terms of detection limits. The proposed method was used to the determine 2-ethylhexanol at concentrations from 20 to 1600ppm in an industrial ester. The detection limit obtained, round 100ppm, testifies to the ability of NIR spectroscopy to detect low concentrated analytes.
This digital document is a journal article from Cognitive Brain Research, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Visual feedback of hand movement is crucial to accurate reaching. Although previous studies have extensively examined spatial alteration of visual feedback (e.g., prism adaptation), temporal delay of visual feedback has been less explored. In the present study, we investigated the effect of delayed visual feedback of the moving hand in a reaching task. The prefrontal cortical activity was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Twelve subjects performed reaching tasks under two conditions where visual feedback of their own hand was delayed by 200 ms (delay condition) or 0 ms (normal condition). Introducing the visual feedback delay significantly disrupted the reaching performance, although the subjects gradually adapted to the delay during the experiment. There was a clear tendency to overreach the target in the delay condition, even after the reaching movement had been practiced sufficiently in the normal condition. We observed marked oxy- and total-Hb decreases in the dorsal prefrontal area in the delay conditions. The decrease began shortly after task onset and diminished during the rest period, indicating that the decrease was task-induced. Furthermore, the oxy- and total-Hb decreases were significantly correlated with task performance-the degree of decrease was larger as the subject made more errors. We suggest that the decreases in oxy- and total-Hb at the dorsal prefrontal area are related with the visuomotor recalibration process.
This book is a blend of analytical methods based on the phenomenon of atomic and nuclear physics. It comprises comprehensive presentations about X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Mössbauer Spectroscopy (MS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Neutron- Activation Analysis (NAA), Particle Induced X-ray Emission Analysis (PIXE), Rutherford Backscattering Analysis (RBS), Elastic Recoil Detection (ERD), Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA), Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission Analysis (PIGE), and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). These techniques are commonly applied in the fields of medicine, biology, environmental studies, archaeology or geology et al. and pursued in major international research laboratories.